Figure 3

Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Adipogenesis was detected by the formation of intracytoplasmic lipid droplets stained with oil red O (A, no induction; B, induced cells; 100×). Osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated by calcium deposition as evidenced von Kossa staining (E, no induction; F, induced cells; 100×). Atomic force microscopy of umbilical cord-derived hMSCs upon adipogenic (C, D) and osteogenic (G, H) differentiation after 21 days in normoxic conditions were shown as error signal images (C,G) and 3-dimension graphs (D,H).