Fig. 1

Gel electrophoresis for assessing the specificities of the primers. L) DNA ladder; 1) ND4 (137 bp); 2) GAPDH (137 bp); 3) SDHA (126 bp); 4) Drp1/DNM1L (91 bp); 5) CS (152 bp); 6) PGC-1α/PPARGC1A (70 bp); 7) CYC, S (140 bp); 8) Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase (179 bp); 9) IBV T strain (181 bp); 10) IBV Vic S strain as a positive control (76 bp). For the DNA gel electrophoresis in the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, Agilent DNA 1000 Kit was used as per the manufacturer’s instructions