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Fig. 1 | BMC Molecular and Cell Biology

Fig. 1

From: Chromatin structure in cancer

Fig. 1

Major chromatin structural attributes of cancer. A Disease variants are associated with chromatin interactions. We illustrate non-coding mutations affecting CTCF binding sites in the context of weakened TADs, neo-TADs, and TAD boundaries. CTCF HiChIP data visualized (from [85]) with annotations for how these structural elements may be altered in tumors. B Tissue-specific pioneer transcription factors at loop anchors. We illustrate chromatin loop domains, visualized (from [85]) with CTCF HiChIP, and annotations for how transcription factors would occupy the termini of loop domains. C Structural variants can alter chromatin domains. We illustrate how deletions alter the visualization of TADs and chromatin domains. Data visualization is from IMR90 cells [6]. D Illustration of interchromosomal rearrangements revealed in in Hi-C experiments, with interactions spanning chromosome 10 and chromosome 16 from GM12878 cells, visualized from available Hi-C data [6]. E Intrachromosomal structural variation with rearrangements occurring within a chromosome, viewed from HiChIP experiments in AML cells, focused on chromosome 13 [85]. F Mammalian cohesin complexes are illustrated with the major subunits SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, STAG2 shown (left). Chromatin domains are shown in AML cells with wild-type cohesion complexes (right; chromosome 7), visualized from available data [85]. G Cohesin mutations affect chromatin interactions. Cohesin loss can occur through alterations in the major subunits, as shown (left). The result of Cohesin mutations on chromatin interactions is the substantial loss of TAD-level interactions, as visualized from available data on AML cells with STAG2 loss (right; chromosome 7, [85])

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